Osteoporosis in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Impact, and Physical Therapy Solutions

 

INTRODUCTION:

Osteoporosis is a silent but progressive and debilitating disease that weakens bones and is characterized by low bone density and an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis has severe consequences, so preventing the disease and the fractures it causes is thought to be crucial for maintaining an older population's independence, quality of life, and overall health.

In Pakistan, where the population is aging rapidly, osteoporosis poses a significant health challenge. This blog aims to shed light on the impact of osteoporosis in Pakistan, highlight physical therapy's crucial role in its management and prevention, and include statistics and findings from the World Health Organization (WHO) and osteoporosis organizations.

UNDERSTANDING OSTEOPOROSIS:

Osteoporosis is often referred to as the "silent disease" because it progresses without symptoms until a fracture occurs. It primarily affects older adults, particularly postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes that lead to bone loss. Estrogens have an important function in preserving bone mass in adulthood, and bone loss occurs as estrogen levels decline, usually from around the age of 50 years. However, it can also affect men and younger individuals, especially those with certain medical conditions or taking medications that affect bone health.

IMPACT OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN PAKISTAN:

In Pakistan, osteoporosis is a growing concern due to several factors, including poor nutrition, lack of awareness, and limited access to health care. According to a study published in the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, the prevalence of osteoporosis in Pakistan is estimated to be around 23% in women and 15% in men over the age of 50.

FACTORS AFFECTING OSTEOPOROSIS IN PAKISTAN:

Several factors contribute to the high prevalence of osteoporosis in Pakistan, including:

• Poor dietary habits, with low intake of calcium and vitamin D.
• Lack of physical activity, leading to weakened bones.
• Cultural practices, such as early marriage and multiple pregnancies, can increase the risk of osteoporosis in women.
• Limited access to healthcare, resulting in undiagnosed and untreated cases of osteoporosis.

THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY:

Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the management and prevention of osteoporosis. It focuses on:

• Exercise: Weight-bearing and resistance exercises help strengthen bones and improve balance, reducing the risk of falls and fractures.
• Education: Physical therapists educate patients about osteoporosis, its risk factors, and lifestyle modifications to prevent further bone loss.
• Posture and Body Mechanics: Proper posture and body mechanics are emphasized to reduce the risk of fractures, especially in daily activities.
• Pain Management: Physical therapists help manage osteoporosis-related pain through various techniques, improving the quality of life for patients.

THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) AND OSTEOPOROSIS ORGANIZATIONAL STATS AND FINDINGS:

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is a major public health concern, with an estimated 200 million people affected worldwide. The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) reports that osteoporosis causes more than 8.9 million fractures annually, resulting in an osteoporotic fracture every 3 seconds.

Conclusion:

Osteoporosis is a significant health concern in Pakistan, particularly among the elderly population. Physical therapy is crucial in managing and preventing osteoporosis by focusing on exercise, education, posture, and pain management. By raising awareness and promoting preventive measures, we can reduce the burden of osteoporosis and improve the quality of life for individuals in Pakistan.